Background Of The Boeing Company Information Technology Essay

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of ethics programs, laws and change management in a business. In today's business with the growing competition, there has been a rise of unethical behaviour by managers, employees or perhaps shareholders. To stay in a business and maintain long term profitability it is important to maintain high ethical standards. It is good to point out that even if it means reducing profitability, the company expect employees to follow the ethical policy.

Without a proper ethical program or laws, the company may find itself in illegal procedure or lawsuit. I have chosen the Boeing Company for this assignment. The Boeing Ethical Policy, laws that need to be followed and the need for change management will be thoroughly discussed. In fact Boeing, an aerospace company deals with many types of business transactions. Various suppliers, govt, corporations among other do business with the company.

According to Boeing Ethics, "Boeing will conduct its business fairly, impartially in an ethical and proper manner and in full compliance with all laws and regulations." The Company has established a very good framework to assure an effective program to prevent and detect violations of law.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE BOEING COMPANY

Boeing is the largest manufacturer of commercial jetliners and military aircraft. It is the world's leading aerospace company. It is good to point out that the Boeing Company not only designs but manufactures rotorcraft, electronic and defence systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advance information and communication systems. Boeing operates the space shuttle and International Space Station as well.

The Boeing Company was founded in 1916 in the Pujet Sound region of Washington State by William E. Boeing. Later it became a leadership producer of military and commercial aircraft. In addition, the company undertook a series of strategic mergers and acquisitions to become the world's largest and most diversified aerospace company. It has expanded over the years and merged with McDonnell Douglas. Other aerospace pioneers are now part of the Boeing Company are the North American Aviation, Rockwell International (Space and defence business), Hughes Space and Communications and lastly is the Jeppesen.

Today the Boeing Company design, assemble and support commercial jetliners in addition it supports defence systems such as military transport, tankers, fighters and helicopters. NASA is the largest contractor of the Boeing Company since it assembles satellite and launch vehicles. Another important business done by the Boeing Company is that it provides financing solutions focused on customer requirements and develop advanced systems and technology to meet future customer needs. With the growing demand of the customers who rely a lot on their computers to stay in touch, Boeing introduced 'Connexion by Boeing'. It is a satellite based internet service that gives access to the worldwide web but unfortunately because of unsuccessful search for a buyer for the business, Boeing had to stop the service.

The Boeing Company is partnering worldwide for mutual growth and prosperity, doing global business with customers in more than 90 countries. In 2009, the total revenue of the company was $68.3 billion. It is good to note that 70 percent of commercial airplane revenue comes from customers outside the United States. Its engagement with the manufacturing, service and technology partnerships with companies around the world is making the enterprise global. There are more than 157,000 Boeing employees in 49 states and 70 countries. The company focused on global growth strategies, financial goals and performance, sharing best practices, technologies and productivity improvements, leadership development, Ethics and compliance.

The Boeing Company is organised in two largest division, firstly Boeing Commercial Airplanes and secondly Boeing Defence, Space and Security. The Boeing Commercial Airplanes offer many types of airplanes and a broad portfolio of aviation services for passenger and cargo carriers worldwide. In other hand The Defence, Space and Security was formed in 2002 integrating Boeing's defence, space, intelligence and communications capabilities. Those two businesses are supported by nine corporate functions, that is, business development and strategy, communications, Engineering, Operations and technology, Finance/Shared Services Group/Boeing Capital Corporation, Human Resources/Administration, International, law, office of internal Governance, Government Relations.

Other supporting units are the Boeing Capital Corporation which provides financing solutions, the Shared Services Group provides a broad range of services to Boeing worldwide and the Boeing Engineering, Operations and Technology helps develop, acquire, apply and protect innovative technologies and processes.

BUSINESS ETHICS

According to wisegeek, business ethics is defined as the behaviour that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. Different business adopts diverse ethics which are suitable for the company. The unethical behaviour of a company can lead to a bad reputation. The way a business conduct itself show the ethical behaviour. Every business should adopt good business ethics. Many global businesses have even been fined worth millions for breaking ethical business laws. Today if a business breaks antitrust, ethical or environmental laws end up being fined. And to safeguard business image, it has become important to establish a good ethical policy in any business. In a business, the involvement of ethical issues such as the Employment practices Human Rights, Environment regulations are very common.

ETHICS IN THE BOEING

The company has its own ethical policies which are reviewed by the Boeing Ethics and Business Conduct Office. Indeed the Office tries to compare the best practices and revise the ethics procedures and practices. The 'Ethical Business Conduct Guidelines' enhances the policies and summary of the procedures of the company. It has to be pointed out that every Boeing Business Unit has an Ethics Executive and Ethics Advisors who give guidance in respect of good behaviour in the workplace, business ethics issues, and the Boeing Values. The main policies and procedures of the company are provided under these given headings in the main report. (Some of the Ethical Policy guidelines are annexed in the Appendix since the report is quite heavy.)

Policies and Procedures:

POL 2: Ethical Business Conduct Policy

PRO 3: Ethical Business Conduct Program Procedure

PRO 4: Proper Marketing Practices Procedure

PRO 5: Proper Marketing Practices to the US Government Sector Procedure

PRO 6: Offering Business Courtesies Procedure

PRO 7: Conflict of Interest Procedure

PRO 8: Acceptance of Business Courtesies Procedure

PRO 9: Proper Relationship with Suppliers Procedure

PRO10:Proper Use of Company, Customer and Supplier Resources Procedure

PRO 11:Former U.S Government Employees-Conflict of Interest Procedure

PRO 12:Buying and Selling Securities-Insider Trading Procedure

The Ethics and Business Conduct Program has its own crucial importance in the Boeing industry. The main purpose of the Boeing Ethics is to communicate the Boeing values and standards of ethical business conduct to employees. Another factor is to educate the employees of company policies and procedures and lastly to execute companywide criteria for ethics education and awareness programs. The role of Boeing Ethics line is to listen and act on violations of company policies, laws or regulations such as unethical business conduct, health, safety or environmental issues.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BOEING ETHICAL POLICY

According to the Boeing Company the Board of Directors follow a code of Ethical Business Conduct that complies with the standards set forth in the New York Stock Exchange's Corporate governance rules. The Company conducts three mandatory and educational activities in a year to remind the commitment to ethics and business conduct standards at Boeing. These activities are Recommitment to ethics, Code of Conduct and the Ethics Challenge. During the Recommitment to Ethics event all employees gather as a team to recommit to the Boeing values and to discuss personal , co-worker and customer responsibilities whereas during Boeing Code of Conduct certification employees certify once a year that they will follow the code of conduct. In addition, they certify that they will not do anything to tarnish the image or reputation of the company. Another activity that is performed is during the annual Ethics Challenge training. This program educates employees about events that they might encounter daily and how to best answer questions about ethical dilemmas.

The Ethics and Business Conduct Committee establish procedures, guidelines policy directives and communication to follow so that the objectives of the company's ethics and business conduct program be maintained. In addition, the Committee reports periodically to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors on the Company's ethics and business conduct program.

The Boeing Company Ethical Business Conduct provides all relevant information about the Companywide Policy, its procedures, structures, employee concerns, general requirement and responsibilities of each and everyone. It is the duty of the Managers to support implementation of ethics and business conduct programs and as well to monitor the company's values and guidelines are complied with. Furthermore Managers are expected to provide an honest environment for employees so that they feel comfortable to raise any issue.

The Boeing Company Code of Conduct put much emphasis on expected behaviours for all Boeing employees. Boeing employees are expected to demonstrate a high standard of ethical business conduct. They should not engage themselves where there might be conflict of interest or they should not use their position to seek personal gain or engage in insider trading. The Company code of Conduct emphasises that they follow all restrictions and disclosure of information. The employees have the duty to protect Boeing information and they should ensure as well that non-Boeing proprietary information is used only if permitted by the owner of information. Moreover they have to comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Any illegal or unethical conduct has to be reported to the management of appropriate authorities.

The Boeing Corporate Values enhances the concept of commitment to leadership, Integrity, Quality, Customer satisfaction, people working together, a diverse and involved team, good corporate citizenship, enhancing shareholder value.

Boeing Company is a large organisation specialising in aerospace, commercial jetliners, military aircraft. As such the Company has developed and implement as well the ethical policy in all of its operations.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST & RESPONSIBILITIES

Conflict of Interest Company Procedure PRO-7 put lights on the fact that personal interest can affect an employee's objectives concerning his duties and responsibilities directly or indirectly. Personal or financial interests with a Boeing customer , supplier or competitor can jeopardise the employee duties towards the Company and as such any outside activities should be disclosed. There can also be conflicts of interest when the employee or employee's family receives improper personal gain because of the employee position in the Company. Thus Boeing PRO-7 prohibits conflicts of interest and encourages to communicating potential conflicts as well.

MARKETING

According to Proper Marketing Practices Company Procedure PRO -4, Marketing should aim at providing accurate information to its customers. Inappropriate marketing can tarnish the image of the Company. And as such it is not accepted as well to make any misleading statements about Boeing's products and services. Marketing to the US Government Company Procedure PRO-5 deals with the fact that Boeing employees must comply with laws and regulations set up by US Government. Any activities by both parties should be done in an atmosphere of openness. The Procedure provides guidelines and requirements for the Boeing employees on how to interact with US Government procurement.

PROPER USE OF RESOURCES & COMPUTER

Equipments, information, materials are all company business use only. Proper use of company, customer and suppliuer Resources Company Procedure PRO-10 refers to the fact that employees should know how to use properly the company resources. Any personal use of computer resources should not disrupt any business processes or add at the company's cost.

Proper use of Computers are expected from Boeing employees. Generally speaking , staffs are allowed to use computers for personal use or surf the Internet during lunch break for a limited time.

BUYING AND SELLING SECURITIES - INSIDER TRADING COMPANY PROCEDURE PRO-12

In this procedure, it has been clearly stated that Insider Trading is not tolerated and prohibitions are based on federal securities laws.

BASIC WORKING CONDITIONS & HUMAN RIGHTS

The Boeing Company has set fundamental standards to protect human rights. The Boeing Company code are designed to give the employee's protection because Boeing believes that the employees are mnost vital asset of the company. In this code, the following issues are elaborated.

Non Discrimination & Harassment

~Freedom of Association

Environments, Health & Safety

Work environment & compensation

Hours of work & work scheduling

Expectations for our suppliers

Forced labour & child labour

Every Boeing employees is required to have high standard of business ethics. But still the Company have to face a lot of criticisms over the years. Indeed the Boeing was caught in numerous scandals.

According to Leslie Wayne, the reputation of the Boeing was compromised because of its chief executive on whom there was charges of ethical misconduct. Basically, there was an investigation over a proposed $20 billion contract to supply refuelling tankers to the Air Force. In the same report, it has been pointed out that pentagon penalised Boeing's satellite operations after finding the company has stolen documents from a competition. Thus, this shows a lack of professionalism. Another employee violated the code of conduct by having a relationship with a subordinate.

Kim Zetter(2007) reveals that Boeing employee was fired for discussing computer security problems. The person involved defended himself by saying that he was raising an ethical issue of how company was managing its security audits of its system. According to him, the Company wasn't properly protecting data in its computer systems. Eventually it was reealed by the Seattle P-I's that Boeing had failed a lot of time to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and have a good control of the IT division.

IMPORTANCE OF LAW

Legal system refers to the rules, or laws, that regulate behaviour. In the International business, the legal system of that particular country is of crucial importance because the laws of that country regulate business practice that is how a business transaction has to be executed. Basically it is the government of that country that define the legal framework.

LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE USA

The judicial system in the US is made up of two different court systems: The federal and state court systems and both of them interact. In fact legal system is based on federal law. Under the US constitution, every state has the right to establish its own system of criminal and civil laws. Different states have different laws which make it difficult for the people moving around in different states. There is a shared power between the state and the federal government.

The US judiciary is independent and consist of supreme court is made up of two different court systems: The federal and state court systems and both of them often interact.

COURT STRUCTURE

There are two types of courts. Federal court which is first type of courts is also known as Article 111 court. In this type of courts, the following courts are included:

The US district courts

The US Circuit Courts of Appeal

The US Supreme Court

In addition there is also the US Court of claims and the US court of International Trade.

In the second type of court there are:

Magistrate courts

Bankruptcy courts

US court of Military Appeals

The US Tax court

The US Court of veterans Appeals

SOURCES OF LAW

The laws are derived from four sources in the US. They are constitutional law, statutory law, administrative regulations and the common law. It is good to point out that the U S constitution is the most vital source of law.

HOW LAWS ARE MADE IN THE USA

In the USA, law is made in Chamber of Congress, the House of Representatives or the Senate. A proposal cannot become a law without consideration and approval by both Houses of Congress. The proposal is given to the clerk of the House. Then the bill is assigned to a committee where there are debates. If the bill is released, the House Rules Committee calls the bill to be voted. After the debate and amendments if any, it goes to the House for consideration. After a complete reading, the bill is moved to the Senate. Then the bill is assigned to one of the Senate 16 committees. After that it goes to the senate floor for consideration. And later it moves to conference committee which is made up of members from each House. Then the bill is signed by the speaker and vice President. At last the President has 10 days to approve and make it a law.

LAW RELATING TO THE BOEING COMPANY

The legal form of the company and the law governing its form of operations is the company law. It is the company law that regulates the company's functioning. Companies are generally incorporated under the laws of a particular state. Companies Act are different in different countries, likewise the US also has different rules and regulations or policies for a company operating in the US. The field of law concerning companies is referred as Companies law.

There are four types of companies:

Private companies limited by guarantee

Private companies limited by shares

Public limited companies

Private unlimited companies

The Boeing Company is a corporation existing under the General Corporation law of the State of Delaware. In the organisational structure of the Boeing Company, the law department delivers all legal services throughout the world.

DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW

According to Wikepedia, Delaware General Corporation Law refers to the statute governing corporate law in the state of Delaware. In fact very good development of case law is found in Delaware laws. It provides consideration, proper guidance on transaction issues and corporate governance.

LAWS OF DELAWARE

The compilation of the official acts of each session of the Delaware General Assembly makes the laws of Delaware. Before the Governor can have access to the legislation for signature, it has to be passed to the House of Representatives and the Senate.

LAWS RELATING TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Basically, Intellectual Property Rights helps the interests and rights and give property rights to the owner if certain conditions are met. Under the Intellectual Property law artistic work, inventions, words, phrases, symbols, designs etc are all protected, meaning that nobody can use without the owner's permission. Intellectual Property is an asset to a company for its value tends to increase when properly protected. It was only after 19th century that the Intellectual Property has been really recognised and became very common in the United States.

Intellectual Property Rights are divided into four main categories. They are copyright, patent, Trademarks, Industrial design.

The World Intellectual Property Organisation, a specialised agency of the United Nations was established in 1967 by World Intellectual Property Convention. It promotes to protect Intellectual Property throughout the world with collaboration of international organisations.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR THE BOEING COMPANY

Being a very big organisation and having business all over the world, the Boeing Company are protected by the Intellectual Property laws. It has to be noted that unauthorised access to the company property rights is prohibited and it can lead to civil or criminal prosecution by the company. According to JohnTolbert (2009), The company has adopted the OASIS extensible Access Control Markup Language standard, a security services architecture, for authorisation. The Intellectual Property Management of the Boeing Company helps the organisation to create, protect the IP , enforce and audit the IP strategy of the company.

COPY RIGHTS

Copyright arises when an individual or organisation creates a work and exhibits a degree of labour, skill or judgement. Artistic works such as photographs, music, books etc are all protected by the copyright acts. In different countries the laws differ in the terms and enforcement.

For instance, the Boeing Company gives limited permission to use its web site for personal use. Any copyrighted materials such as designs, pictures, text graphic and so on are all 'All Rights Reserved' by Boeing Company. Any materials cannot be taken without prior permission of the company.

The Copyright (computer programs) Regulations extends the rules covering literary works to include computer programs. According to the law, nobody can copy, publish, post, modify in any materials from the company computer network.

PATENTS

According to Tolbort, Patents are property rights granted to prevent others from profiting from the invention for a limited time. Disclosure of information, designs are required for Patents. WTO TRIPS, WIPO and European Patent Convention recognised Patents.

The Boeing Company is said to be one of the top innovators among aerospace and defense companies because of the strength of its patent portfolio. It protects its innovations to maintain a competitive advantage. Furthermore, the company holds more than 7400 active registered patents around the world.

TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS

Actually a trademark is required before starting up a company.

The state common law protects the Trade marks in the United States. The registration for trademark is done by Lanham Act of 1946 congress and it is administered by United States Patent and Trademark office. Names, logos, symbols, products, etc are the trademarks. It is good to point out that Trademarks are internationally recognised. The logo, a graphic signature together with boeing logotype is a rgistered trademark of the Boeing Company.

OTHER LAWS THAT APPLY TO BOEING COMPANY

Different laws are applicable to the type of business operations of an organisation. For example, the Boeing Company, the largest global jetliner manufacturing company with large defence and military aircraft contracts are subject to follow the laws. Some of the laws that the Boeing Company has to follow rules and regulations are discussed below.

1 ANTI BRIBERY, FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act prohibits US companies to try to obtain contracts by offering improper payments, gifts to foreign officials. It is against the law for any member of the Boeing Company to influence any foreign official to give any payments or gifts in return of something in the business. In fact, the FCPA acts in a different situations such as payment to foreign government officials or airline officers, representatives, consultants etc. A violation can lead to imprisonment or fines.

2 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AGREEMENTS

The main role of Proprietary Information Agreements is firstly to help avoid misunderstandings between the parties on how information has to be treated. With such an agreement Boeing need to take extra care to avoid violating any restrictions or condition. Without such an agreement it is probable that the information can lose its proprietary status.

3 EXPORT AND IMPORT COMPLIANCE

Many countries in the world have export and import control laws which are veryimportant and complex. In addition it changes with time for different reasons. For instance, any violation of export and import controls can harm US national security and foreign policy. The export and import control may be subject to US Import and export control laws.

The main US export and import laws that Boeing has to follow are:

International Traffic in Arms Regulations(ITAR)

Export Administration Regulation(EAR)

Federal Firearms Regulations

Foreign Assets controls

Antiboycott Regulations

US Customs and US Immigration Regulations

4 ANTITRUST COMPLIANCE

Both federal and state antitrust law in the US prohibits monopolies and agreements that can restrain a business's open competition in the free market place. Boeing business has to be conducted in compliance with these laws.

Broadly, the antitrust laws prohibit:

Price fixing

Bid nigging

Market division

Converted refusals to deal

Tying arrangements

Exclusive dealing

Reciprocity

Monopolization

Unfair methods of competition

5 TRUST IN NEGOTIATIONS ACT

Trust in Negotiations Act(TINA) requires that Boeing Company has to comply with all the rules and regulations in doing business with the US Government. Indeed this Acts helps the US Government to have a better means of negotiation on fair and reasonable price. TINA requires disclosure of cost and certification that the data is all accurate and true.

6 SARBANES OXLEY ACT

In this Act, it is required that a company has to give proof of having a better internal control of its data. In addition, the law requires companies to implement controls, give restriction to data, access, to make any changes to the systems.

RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES IN THE BOEING COMPANY

Like in any business, it happened that the business parties end up in a civil dispute, in this case there is the Alternative Dispute Resolution to help the companies out of the situation and resolve the company conflicts. Nowadays the concept of ADR is globally accepted.

The United States Code of ADR consists of conciliation facilitation, mediation, fact-finding, mini-trials, arbitration, Use of ombudsmen.

ADR has many advantages. The process is controlled, consensual, private, business relationship can be preserved, government's rights are protected, cost of litigation are avoided, time is saved. The disadvantages are that case law is avoided, the process requires commitment, the process may not work with multiple complex issues, lot of money is spent. Only two of the ADR are discussed below.

1 Mediation

Federal agencies use mediation in certain civil cases before going to court and in many states. In the US mandatory mediation is required under the laws. The positive aspects of mediation is to identify real issue of the dispute, agreement can be reached, needs and interests of the parties are met, it provides the possibility of preserving the relationship.

2 Arbitration

The hearing is in private in the arbitration process and the arbitrator is not a court judge. This process is similar to litigation and involves the same procedure and argument in a court trial. In addition, the process is private and confidential, the parties can choose someone as an arbitrator in the particular expertise, arbitration is flexible, time is saved, business relationship can be maintained.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Change management is the process during which the changes of a system are implemented in a controlled manner by following a pre defined framework with reasonable modifications.

It is said that the world has become a global village. And for a business to survive it is important to adapt to the changes. Indeed, changes can occur in technology, government policies, cultures, market, globalisation, employment styles and so on. And thus it is very hard and difficult for someone to deal with.

The philosophy of change management is to respond to a problem facing the organisation. The change can bring significant impact on the company's current form and modify existing operations of the company. Managing change depends on the assumptions of the company mission, vision and values. To remain profitable, a business has to adapt to changes.

The approaches of change management that the company follow is the top-down control where the plans are developed by the upper management and change are directed to the company employees.

CHALLENGES OF THE BOEING COMPANY

The Boeing company as well had to face many problems that required change if it has to survive in the market. Infact, the company was losing clients because of competition in the market in addition doing business in an old and antiquated methods. To stay up to date with market needs, the company had to change its product lines, production methods and processes.

Furthermore the company had to face strike by the engineers in 2000. Then in 2001 after the attack of September 11 on New York City, the company had to face a cutback in new plane orders making 30000 persons jobless. And the company lost government contracts to build a new fighter. Being a vast organisation, Boeing faces many challenges throughout its operations . Different factors determine the changes brought by the company but only a few problems and how the company is managing the changes will be discussed.

GLOBALISATION

Boeing is a global company in a global economy. The aerospace industry is a major exporter for the US with a vast majority of consumers living outside US. The Company is expanding at an average annual rate of 5 to 6 percent a year. Globalisation helps the company to create a large and fast growing business in many different countries. In addition it helps to protect local companies against the threat of outside competition.

Jobs in today's global economy are sustained through competitiveness and innovation. Globalisation helps to maintain the level of job's growth with a good income.

ENERGY SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENT

BOEING'S CLIMATE CHANGE APPROACH

Another important elements are long term energy supply and environment for the Boeing company. Both of them are very crucial since they sustain international trade and globalisation. Protecting the environment and finding new sources of energy are the big challenges for the company since they do not bring easy solutions.

Climate change is a vital environmental issue and the Boeing is committed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from its products. The company is working to increase research to improve efficiencies throughout the system, it is bringing new technology to improve the global transportation system and adopting environmentally progressive products and services.

OIL

The increasing price of oil are making the company consider to fine more oiland natural gas from other places but to minimally disrupt the environment. According to the chief executive of Boeing states that natural gas is the primary direct fuel used by manufacturers. In Boeing archives 2009, it comes out that biofuels has greater energy content by mass than petroleum-based fuel. In addition, they are renewable sources of energy unlike petroleum.

ENVIRONMENT

The other challenges that the company is facing is the environment issue. Boeing is playing a major role in reducing environmental harms from its products and facilities. 25 percent of energy efficiency have improved since 2002. The company are able to reduce the energy consumption in many of their operations. Moreover, the company is managing to achieve carbon neutral growth and holding net emissions constant. Boeing has change the airplane co2 emissions reduction by 70 percent and the noise area by 90 percent.

BOEING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

It is good to point out that all Boeing's major manufacturing sites are certified to the internationally recognised ISO 14001 environmental management system standard. Basically the company conduct its operations in compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. It strives to prevent pollution by conserving energy and resources, recycling, reducing waste and so on. They work with stakeholders to promote environmental protection.

TECHNOLOGY CHANGE MANAGEMENT

The emergence of new market trends made the development in technology run fast.. Today IT plays a vital role in the success of any organisation. In fact, technology change management is like an investment. It has been proved since extensive capabilities in electronic and mechanical technologies are being deployed to support aircraft systems. With the growing demand from the customers, th company is continuing its work by developing new technologies that reduce flight delays and enhance safety and flight crew efficiency. The success of Boeing depends on the continuous investment in technology that gets people to their destinations safely and efficiently.

CONCLUSION

If the effectiveness of an ethics and compliance program is not measured, it only increases the risk and exposure for the company. The organisation's intent and commitment to integrity and proper ethical conduct is questioned if the business is global. Since the company is continuing to grow and contribute to global prosperity, it is working to develop new technologies and services that can replace the available services.