Graphic Design Is A Procedure Information Technology Essay

Graphic design is a procedure of creativeness that include a designer and a customer; commonly full in conjugation with makers of shape for example: programmers, signmakers, printers, etc. compromised to create visual messages to a certain public in specific. The words graphic design refers also to a quantity of professional and artistic area that focuses on communication (visually). The field is known as Visual Communication or Communication Design. Several systems are utilized to make and unite images, symbols, and words presentation (visually) of messages and ideas. A professional on this area can utilize visual arts, techniques of page layout and, visual arts for a final product. Graphic design refers also to the procedure (design) to create communication and the products that are made.

Purposes of graphic design:

ogos)

Publications of websites (newspapers, books, and magazines)

Advertisements

Product packages designs

Designs can be:

Type-based

Image and type

Logotypes, logos, and symbols

Graphic design is the art applied in the use of graphical elements and words to communicate a concept or idea. It's utilized for imaginative purposes in many kinds of media (digital media, printing, films, product decoration, packages, etc.) and in any domain that needs visual elements.

It can be oriented to different areas such as:

Design for information: include all material which principal function is inform the recipient. Here are posters, frills, books, newspapers, magazines, catalogs, signage (warning signs, traffics signs, etcetera), infographics, maps.

Design for persuasion: directed to modify or influence the behavior of the public. Here are advertising, corporative identity (logo, business card, fax page, invitations, bills).

Design for education: include didactic material (books, support material), instructive manual and indications for use.

Design for administration: any part that is susceptible to counterfeiting. Here are formularies, billet, stamps and promissory note.

Typographic design: Use the most adequate type of letter, depending the purpose, can be: sans serif, serif, fantastic, etc.

Design for control instrument: watches screen, cell phones screen, digital cameras and others devices.

A Small Review in the History of Graphic Design.

The 1st graphic design evidence is presented by the Palaeolithic cave paints in Lascaux (south western France). More evidences began with the nascence of the writing, in the fourth millennium B. C. when the development of Western letters and vocals started.

These represented important portions in the development of graphic design. The Diamond Sutra is the most old completed printed book and a perfect example of graphic design that could be satisfactory in our days.

The volumes made by the press and other volumes before 1500 a. D. are known as Incunabula were the reference for the design of the later books. Graphic design before 1500 A.D. was call Old Style or Humanist and lasted until renewal. Graphic design acquired a meaningful change after the 19th century.

One of the most influent human being in the evolution of graphic design was William Morris (1834 - 1896), a novelist and poet, known nowadays because of his graphic design works. He was the founder of the Kelmscott Press that made volumes of great stylistic refinement and also he became the founder of William Morris Co. that produced fabrics, tapestries and household objects - some of the most important graphic design tools of Multimedia.

Modern Graphic Design.

Modern graphic design of the twentieth centur was a reaction against the decline of typography and design, of the late nineteenth century. Typography of these times is known for the use of sans serif sources used today serif type makes it easier to read on their known structure to carry a letter to the other.

Inspired by recent trends in 19th century graphic design, new printers started working out new typefaces and writing graphic design books, bringing "new look" into graphic design.

Some influent people of that time were:

- Edward Johnston

- Eric Gill

- Jan Tschichold

- Herbert Bayer

- Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

- El Lissitzky

- Herbert Bayer

- Marcel Breuer

- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

- Laszio Moholy-Nagy

- Wilhelm Wagenfeld

- Adrian Frutiger

- Josef Müller-Brockmann

Computer Graphics.

Computer graphics are pictures that you create in your computer. The evolution of computational images makes them easy to utilize and to understand Raster graphics.

In computer graphics, a raster is structure of images that shows a rectangular form with points of colors, viewable through a monitor that can be saved in different formats of files.

Graphics are used by a lot of professionals in different areas, like architectures, businesspeople, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, publicists, web designers; almost every single person uses graphics at least one time.

Almost all computer users use some form of graphics. Common people and professionals use softwares to edit graphic. You can add special effects to your favourite photos or you can composite an image. To compose is to combine parts of different images to create a different one. Graphic designers utilize programs to create delineations and illustrations for books or for the web. Electrical engineers use graphics to design circuits in order to present data in a more understandable form, and the list is so long that we can't even mention all the different users.

Types of Graphics.

There are two types of computer graphics:

Raster graphics: where the picture is a group of pixels and each one is separately defined (as in a digital photograph).

Formats:

Bmp

Gif

Jpeg

Png

Tiff:

Vector graphics: Where mathematical formulas are used to draw lines and geometrical shapes, which are then interpreted by the viewer to produce or reproduce the graphic.

Advantages:

• Depending on the particular case, the vector may require less disk space than a bitmap. The images formed by simple flat colors or gradients are more likely to be vectorized. The less information to create the image, the smaller the file size. Two images with different display dimensions but with the same information vector.

• It do not lose quality when scaled. In principle, a vector image can be scaled indefinitely. For raster images, a point is reached where it is clear that the image is composed of pixels.

• Vectors defined objects can be saved and modified in the future. 

• Some formats allow animation. This is done easily using basic operations such as translation or rotation and does not require a vast amount of data, since what is done is to relocate the coordinates of vectors in new points in the x, y, and z in the case 3D image.

Disadvantages 

• Vector graphics are generally not suitable for encoding photographs or videos taken in the "real world" (photographs of nature, for example), although some formats support a mixed composition (vector + bitmap image). Virtually all digital cameras store images in raster format. . 

• The data describing the vector graphic to be processed, ie, the computer must be powerful enough to perform the necessary calculations to form the final image. If the data volume is high may slow down the rendering of the image on the screen, including working with small images. . 

• Although an image is made with vectors, in the screen and in printing system they have to be translate to pixels for the technology that this devices uses.

Most common format for vector graphics is:

Eps

Pic/Pct

Ai

Ps

 

Etymology.

The term "Raster" originates from the Latin word rastrum (rake) that comes from the word radere (to rip). It originally referred to the rasterized scanning of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors of video.

Resolution.

The bitmap graphic is dependent on resolution. They can't expand to any resolution not losing quality. That characteristic doesn't compare with the capableness of vectors. They enlarge according to the caliber of the apparatus that renderizes them. Bitmaps handle a lot more than vector graphics with photographies and realistic photos. Vector images usually work for design in graphics. Actual computer-screens commonly present about 72 to 130 PPI, and modern printers can work with 2400 DPI or more; deciding the right resolution for a given printer-resolution can be difficult because printed graphics may have more details than a person can distinguish on a screen. Usually, a resolution of 150 to 300 PPI its fine for CMYK printing.

Raster-based editors.

Images that are based on bitmap have also editors like Ps, Painter, GIMP, and MS Paint, which edit pixels, unalike vector graphic editors; Inkscape, Ai, or CorelDRAW, that edit shapes and lines. When a graphic is renderized in an image based on raster editor, the image is composed of thousands of small dots (pixels).

Bitmap: The Definition.

Pixmap or bitmap is known as a kind of format of the image as format filet utilized for the storage of graphics. The word bitmap derives from the words computational programme, wich means a grid of small dots.

Bitmap is referred to the model of a spacially mapping of arranged by a dots. Raster graphics usually make reference to pixmaps, photographic or synthetic. In a few circumstances, the terminology bitmap implies one pixel for bit.

A lot of graphic exploiter programs utilize pixmaps in their integrated images subsystems. The majority of file formats like TIFF, GIF, PNG, and JPEG, store pixmap graphics (not like vectors), but they're not typically refer to bitmap, because they utilize compacted formats inside.

Pixel Storage.

In common non-compressed pixmaps, the pixels of a graphic are typically saved with a color deepness of, 4, 1, 16, 8, 32, 24, 64, or 48 BPP. 8 bit pixels and smaller can typify either indexed color, grayscale that can be saved in another pixmap that is to a scale of gray pixmap.

The dots that represent the pixmap pixels may be unpacked or packed; it depends on device requirements or the format.

CAD Software.

CAD is the utilization of computers in the design process. CAD program gives the exploiter tools for the lining process; draftmanship, and the manufacturing.

CAD end product commonly comes out in files that are electronic to print them or for the machine operations. The evolution of CAD program is associated with the procedure it looks to economise; softwares for industry purposes usually use vectors and softwares based on graphic use rasters.CAD program typically uses more than forms. Like in the automated draft and delineation, the end product of this program provides info, like dimensions, tolerances, and materials.

CAD is utilized to create 2D spatial shapes; and for the drawing of surfaces, solids and curves in 3D .

CAD is a significant software used for shipsbuilding, aerospace industries, architectural design, etc.

CAD is used also coputer animations, advertiing and special effects in films. Designers start a project by making a wirefire, a representation showing the outlines of all edges in a transparent drawing. They then specify and fill the surfaces to give the appearance of a 3-D solid object with volume. This is known as solid modeling. Next, they add paint, colour and filters to achieve the desired look and feel, this is called texturing the object. Finally, they render the object to make it look real. Rendering includes lighting and shading as well as effects that simulate shadows and reflections.

Computer Art or Digital Art.

It is used in adverts and TV programmes. Scientists and artists use graphical Java applications to make a fractal. Fractal is a pattern repeated to create non-regular shapes; some of them are related to objects in nature. Agencies from the Government utilize GIS to understand geographical information and to plan the utilization of lands or for predicting disasters.

The Tool Box in Graphic Design Software.

Graphics software usually have a toolbox, which is a collection of drawing and editing tools that enable you to type, draw, paint, move, and create images on the computer.

The various tools in a toolbox appear together as pop-up icons in a menu. You activate it by clicking on it.

Photoshop Marquee Select Tools: The marquee tool is a selection tool which allows you to select rectangles, ellipses and columns.The marquee tool is located at the top of the toolbox.

Photoshop Move Tool: The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer easily with your mouse or your keyboard.

Photoshop Crop Tool: It permits you to select an area of an image and erase everything outside this area.

Painting Tools: Brush / Pencil: Photoshop provides two tools for drawing directly to the image: The brush tool and the pencil tool. Both tools work in the same way, you left-click and drag your mouse in the image to draw.

Ps Eraser Tool: This tool has three variations: Eraser, Background Eraser and Magic Eraser.

The Brush Tool: The brush tool paints with smooth edges.

The Pencil Tool: It behaves much like the brush except that it has hard edges. The eraser is basically a brush which erases pixels when you drag it across the image. Pixels are erased to transparency.